The CIPD's latest Labour Market Outlook report reveals that employer confidence and hiring intentions remain at record lows outside the pandemic. National Insurance changes and higher minimum wage thresholds are driving up employment costs - particularly for lower-paying sectors and those hiring young people and part-time staff, despite exemptions for under-21s. It also highlights the impact of immigration rule changes on mid- and lower-skilled roles, and urges employers to invest in youth employment, review workforce plans, and strengthen inclusive recruitment strategies to navigate ongoing challenges.